OPINIONS / COLUMNS  (September 8 – September 14, 2008)

 

Immigration Guide

Atty. Emmanuel S. Tipon

 

Was Joc Joc’s asylum claim treated as a joke?

 

“The wicked fleeth like a chicken, the righteous fight like a lion.” - Bible, Emmanuel Version

 

Filipinos have a penchant for amusingly repetitious nicknames like “Bong Bong” and “Noy Noy”.  But who is Joc Joc? His real name is Jocelyn Bolante.

 

Fertilizer scam architect

The U.S. Court of Appeals which rejected his appeal from the denial of an asylum claim on August 27, 2008, said that he was the “architect” of the “Fertilizer Scam”. While Undersecretary of the Department of Agriculture, he allegedly diverted government money for the purchase of fertilizer and had it transferred to the reelection committee of Arroyo.

He later resigned. The Senate investigated charges of corruption within the Department. It issued a report that Joc Joc was the “architect” of the diversion of funds and recommended that he face criminal charges, together with Felix Montes, the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.

During the investigation, Joc Joc was subpoenaed to testify. He refused. The Senate issued a warrant for his arrest. He left the Philippines.

He arrived in the United States on July 7, 2006. Unbeknownst to him, the U.S. Embassy in Manila had revoked his visa. He was denied entry into the U.S. and detained by the authorities for non-possession of a valid visa. He has remained in custody ever since.

He sought asylum and withholding of removal. The Immigration Judge (IJ) denied him relief, holding that the “vague threats and opaque predictions of harm were insufficient to establish” Joc Joc’s claim. The IJ also noted that the Senate’s issuance of a subpoena was to investigate and eventually prosecute him for violation of Philippine laws, not persecute, him on account of political opinion or membership in a particular social group. The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) affirmed.

 

Fear of prosecution, not persecution

The Court of Appeals pooh-poohed Joc Joc’s claim that he feared persecution upon returning to the Philippines, saying that he did not demonstrate a well-founded fear of such persecution.

Rather, noted the court wryly, Joc Joc’s fear was “fear of prosecution for his alleged role in a corruption scandal.”

The court indicated that “though prosecution can become persecution, courts uniformly recognize that a foreign state’s prosecution of its citizens for violating its own laws does not automatically equate with persecution.”

Prosecution for activities that would be illegal under our own laws is not grounds for asylum. . . Similarly, being suspected of a crime does not necessarily render an asylum applicant eligible for asylum.”

The court observed that Joc Joc “does not presently face prosecution. No charges have been filed against him, and although the Senate Committee has recommended charges against Bolante, they have also recommended charges against Montes, who has yet to face prosecution. Other members of President Arroyo’s government, including Montes, have testified before the Senate Committee on the Fertilizer Scam and have not yet been physically harmed or unjustly prosecuted.” Montes even testified before the IJ.

(Bolante v Mukasey, No. 07-2550, 08/27/2008, CA7)

 

Practice tip. Almost all deportation cases are lost due to the ineffectiveness of counsel. An excellent strategy when an alien loses a deportation case is to change lawyers, claim ineffective assistance of his first lawyer by showing that the result would have been different but for the lawyer’s errors, and ask the court to reopen the case. “Change” has become a buzzword these days that Obama and McCain are clamoring for change. Unfortunately most aliens don’t change their losing lawyer. It is like the man whose doctor mistakenly amputated his good right leg when his bad left leg should have been amputated. He went back to the same doctor to have his left leg amputated. What if the doctor had made a mistake again and amputated his third leg?

If Joc Joc had changed lawyers immediately after losing before the IJ, could he have won? You bet, if he had hired an excellent attorney with a thorough knowledge of immigration law and a winning streak, selected the best witnesses and prepared them for trial, and knew the situation in the Philippines.          In the latest case involving ineffective assistance of counsel, the alien obtained relief because his new counsel showed that the alien’s original counsel failed to invoke an available relief. One relief is given by the Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. New counsel claimed that the alien would be killed by criminals if he were deported. Did Joc Joc’s counsel claim that he needs protection from organized criminals—like you know who?

Another relief is provided by the Convention Against Torture. Did Joc Joc’s counsel show that he would be tortured and even killed if he returned? About 3 million militant farmers who failed to get fertilizer had organized a manhunt to get him, there were hired assassins out to silence him, and scores of bounty hunters vying for the P200,000 reward for his capture would kill him.

Why did not Joc Joc’s counsel present specifics or details, instead of  vague threats and opaque predictions,” of harm?

Why did Joc Joc’s counsel present Montes as a witness when, like Joc Joc, he was recommended for prosecution but nothing happened to him, thus convincing the court that nothing will happen to Joc Joc?

 

Comment: The tragedy for Joc Joc is that he has been in jail for more than two years. If he had remained in the Philippines like Montes, he would never have experienced life in jail. Do you know any bata of the Arroyos who has been jailed for corruption?  He might have even been made a cabinet member or elected to congress.

 

(Atty. Tipon has won all deportation cases he handled and obtained approval of all visa petitions he filed. He is from Laoag City and Magsingal, Ilocos Sur . He has a Master of Laws degree from Yale Law School and a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of the Philippines. He served as an Immigration Officer. He is co-author of “Immigration Law Service,” an 8-volume practice guide for immigration officers and lawyers. Office: 905 Umi St. corner N. King, Suite 201, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819. Tel. (808) 847 1601. Fax (808) 847 1624. E-Mail: filamlaw@yahoo.com. Website: www.ImmigrationServicesUSA.com. When in Hawaii  listen to the most interesting and humorous radio program on KNDI AM 1270 every Friday 7:30-8:00 AM. This article is a general overview of the subject matter discussed and is not intended as legal advice.)

 

 

Ilocos Times copyright 2008

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