OPINIONS / COLUMNS  (August 25– August 31, 2008)

 

In-Depth

Juan L. Mercado

Why this yawn?

 

MILF rebels are shooting up the place – to secure peace, they claim. President Gloria Macapagal whoops along charter change – to secure peace, she says.   They make it tough for ordinary yokels, like us, to focus on things that really matter.

Like what?  Basics like water, for one.

Senator Barry Goldwater ticked off three things that a man will fight over:  “Water, women and gold—in that order.”  Indeed, survival hinges on water. Next door to India’s Taj Mahal, in Agra, stands Fathipurshakri. Your footsteps echo eerily walking through this empty silent city. It died when cisterns ran dry.

Today, 2,500 scientists from over 180 countries, including the Philippines, are in Sweden for Fifth World Water Week.  From August 17 to 23, delegates will think through, in 80 seminars and fora, the practice, science, policy and decision making on water.  “Civilization is a permanent dialogue between human beings and water,” Paolo Lugari of Colombia asserts.

This year’s overarching theme is ponderous: “Progress and Prospects on Water: For a Clean and Healthy World with Special Focus on Sanitation”.  You can boil it down to one word: sanitation

“About 1.8 million children die each year from diarrhea and other filthy water-borne diseases.  These deaths are preventable. “They dwarf casualties associated violent conflict,” UN Human Development Report notes. “No act of terrorism generates economic devastation on the scale of the crisis in water and sanitation.”

“For millions of people, not having a safe, private and convenient toilet facility is a daily indignity as well as a threat to (health),” the report adds. “As a global community, we face a vast deficit in sanitation…”

Water-sealed toilets, in fact,   can cut incidence of diarrhea by 70 percent.  But the daily lethal toll from the water and sanitation crisis bores yawns political leaders Most of these officials are educated. They’re decent folk. So, why this yawn?

Because “this is a constituency that lacks a voice in shaping national and international perceptions of human security,” UNHDR adds. Most of   the most affected are the poorest. Disorganized, lacking in education, they are voiceless and invisible.  The rough-hewn unpainted coffins of their children don’t bring screaming headlines that the rich command.

The sanitation crisis is acute in Asia. “In cities like Manila and Jakarta, the limited coverage of sewerage (8 to 10 percent) has given rise to a highly developed infrastructure of pit latrines. (This) removes waste from households. But   much ends in rivers…” This passing of waste is replicated in smaller cities.

“Perhaps, the greatest obstacle is stigma,” the UN report adds. People are ashamed if they lack sanitation facilities. Officials prefer to sweep the problem of open defecation (“wrap and throw”) under the rug. This extorts a high cost in disease.

Thus, the Stockholm conference set aside, for the first time ever, an “Asia Day” (Tuesday 19 August)   the math supports that programming decision.

Four out of every six today is Asian.  The last flawed census claims there were 88.5 million Filipinos   in 2007—up from 19.2 million in 1948. And our cities are “imploding”.

Urban population could grow by 70 percent in just 25 years, Asian Development Bank forecasts. That’d   require policy to ensure massive shift in resources, including water. And food supplies could constrict. Climate change may whittle down crop yields by 2.5 to 10 percent, “There’d be 132 million people at risk of extreme hunger by 2050".

Asia Day will provide a platform for a discussion on investing more for sanitation, expanding water flow for food production and increasing numbers of homes with piped water. “That’s the supply track.

Conservation is the neglected track. Other sessions will be on protecting and managing water basins and resources.  “Throughout literature, the man who poisons the well is the worst of villains,” we’re told.

Six barriers interlock. Sanitation lags behind water policy. People see lack of clean water as a more immediate threat than absence of a toilet  Households perceive better sanitation as a private amenity rather than a public responsibility.

For many who live below poverty lines, even low-cost latrines are beyond financial reach. Women’s voices are smothered by those of men. And there are mismatches between what people need and what governments offer.

Millennium Development Goal (MDG) No. 10 seeks “to halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation. Can we meet that target?

More Filipinos now drink from improved water sources. 73 percent in 1990 to over 80 percent in 2004.  But this is an overall figure from National Statistical Coordinating Board.  It masks disparities between provinces. Seven out of 10 in Masbate make do with open easily-tainted wells. Compare that to one for Bulacan.

Fast  growing slum populations, in,  cities have further widened the water and sanitation gap from  rural areas,  says the latest  Asia-Pacific MDG study series “In the Philippines and Vietnam , still close to half their population in cities live in slums.”

In our cities, homes with improved sanitation grew from 68 to 86 percent, NSCB said. “But the striking gap between rich and poor has been widening,” Asian Development Bank notes.

“Anyone who can solve the problem of water will be worthy of two Nobel prizes,” John F. Kennedy wrote. “”One for peace and the other for science.” Look therefore beyond the MILF and Gloria to Stockholm.

Email: juan_mercado@prime.net.ph

 

 

Ilocos Times copyright 2008

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