OPINIONS / COLUMNS  (August 25 – August 31, 2008)

 

EDITORIAL

Replaying ‘Minamata’?

 

(The following is an article written by Juan L. Mercado—Ed)

 

Deaths and injuries, resulting from clashes with MILF “rouge units,” dominate today’s headlines and evening news.  But the more lethal threat is less visible—and far stealthier. It could continue to decimate well into the next decade.

Heavy metals pollute major water ways, says the just-published report on the 1st Scientific Conference on the vital Agusan Marsh. Toxic mercury is seeping into the food chain: thru irrigation channels and from rivers that empty into fishing grounds.  Tainted silt is plowed into rice paddies

Are we seeing the nightmare of Japan’s Minamata tragedy slowly uncoiling here?

In 1956, fish and mussels, contaminated by mercury discharged by a chemical plant, poisoned 2,252 men, women and children in Minimata, Japan.  Photos of over 1,043 victims afflicted by brain lesions, tremors, paralysis and miscarriages, startled the world.

“Mercury pollution is a threat to the Agusan marsh,” Mindanao State University’s Elnor Roa told 106 scientists meeting in Butuan City.  Mercury tainted water from gold mines in Dilawal drain into the Agusan River 24 kilometers downstream.

Tests on weekly rice, fish and mussel diets in mining areas revealed presence of mercury thrice permissible levels, she said. “Such high mercury exposure levels of local populations may explain why 38% were classified as Hg-intoxicated.”

A Mindanao State University survey detected mercury in sediments “from seven stations that stretched from the mouth of Agusan River to approximately 10 kilometers away…Mercury turned up in fish and aquatic plants collected from (the) river.…”

Roa’s study buttresses earlier studies. Among these are: (a) the 1982 report by Rosita Fundador that  mercury contaminated some Davao Gulf fish and seashells.( b )  “Heavy Metals Contamination in the Davao Region”, written” by University of Southeastern Philippines . Ed Prantilla and Carmelita Martinez last year.

Over 13.5 metric tons of toxic mercury slosh yearly, thru rivers, into the Davao Gulf. Lead tailings poison Hijo, Matiao, Masara, Batoto to Manat Rivers, Prantilla and Martinez wrote.

Lead and cadmium overloads led to ecological collapse of the 194-hectare Lake Leonard – or “Crocodile Lake” – in Compostela Valley. 

A   2006 study, by the Department of Health’s Region XI office, found: “fish samples from Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur and Davao City markets… had mercury content higher than the allowable limit of 0.3 microgram per gram.” But the DOH study didn’t pinpoint where those fishes were caught. Hence, it was kept under wraps.

Drs. Nelia Maramba and Cristina S. Dablo found elevated mercury levels in the blood and urine of 114 schoolchildren and 70 miners they examined. And in the 1990s, carabaos keeled over mysteriously in Barangay Naboc. Mercury and cyanide, in irrigation water, may have caused those deaths.

Illegal mercury supplies seep through Davao’s porous borders. “The one major source of mercury pollution is gold-ore processors,” they write. They cluster in (a) Diwalwal, Compostela Valley; (b) Kingking, Pantukan, Compostela Valley; and (c) Apokon, Tagum City, Davao del Norte.

Most of 796 operations get mercury illicitly. “Annual mercury consumption of Davao Region, due to gold processing, amounted to 13,524 kilograms of mercury.” But this can be curbed from “the user side,” i.e. government imposing strict compliance with environmental laws. That’d include small miners.

Government could clamp a condition:  polluters pay for damage they incur. Pollution taxes should underwrite treatment for victims.  There is a need, too, of cleansing polluted seas and water systems. Heavy metals ought to be factored into wastewater discharge fees.

“Government action on high levels of mercury in certain species of fish caught in Davao Gulf is long overdue.” Inaction has serious health implications, “especially because those fishes with high level of mercury are eaten by a large portion of the Davao Region population.”

Agusan Marsh is one of the country’s most ecologically important wetlands. The river basin stores 15% of the country’s freshwater resources. Now, chemical and other pollutants now cause fish kills, reduced oxygen levels, habitat destruction” and health problems, Roa writes.

The limited pollution studies on the Agusan Marsh cause concern. “(Mercury) level in Lake Dinagat does not reach pollution thresholds. But it was already double background value.”

Prantilla and Martinez fret .over the failure to track mercury seepage into aquifers, recharged within mining areas. “The heavy-metal contents of freshwater fish in contaminated rivers and lakes of the Davao Region, as well as in plants consumed by people” have not been studied so far.”

Many remain unaware of the dangers posed.  An information campaign by government, academe and civil society is urgent. But the threat is played down with arguments that caution against economic disruption in mining.

The Minamata tragedy underscores there are heavy costs from failure to take the long view. Today’s wishy-washy attitude turns a blind eye on the effects of heavy-metal pollution. It limits vision to short-term benefits. “(But) available studies are already a cause for alarm.”

 

Ilocos Times copyright 2008

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